OntoSniff¶
Detect ontology anti-patterns and quality issues automatically. Paste or upload your TTL, and OntoSniff will analyze it against a catalog of known smells.
Anti-Pattern Catalog¶
OntoSniff checks for these documented ontology anti-patterns:
| # | Smell | Severity | What it detects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lazy Class | Warning | Class with no instances and no subclasses | Poveda-Villalón (2014), P11 |
| 2 | Missing Label | Warning | Entity without rdfs:label | Poveda-Villalón (2014), P08 |
| 3 | Missing Domain/Range | Info | Property without rdfs:domain or rdfs:range | Rector et al. (2004) |
| 4 | Singleton Hierarchy | Info | Chain of single-child subClassOf | Gangemi et al. (2006) |
| 5 | Property Soup | Warning | Class with >15 direct properties | Modularization pattern |
| 6 | Orphan Class | Info | Class disconnected from hierarchy | Poveda-Villalón (2014), P04 |
| 7 | Missing Inverse | Info | Object property without owl:inverseOf | Bidirectional navigation |
| 8 | No SHACL Coverage | Warning | Instances without validation shapes | SHACL best practice |
| 9 | Label Language Gap | Info | Mixed language-tagged and plain labels | Linked Data best practice |
| 10 | Deep Hierarchy | Info | Hierarchy depth >7 levels | Poveda-Villalón (2014), P06 |
| 11 | Cyclic SubClassOf | Error | Class is subclass of itself (circular) | OWL 2 Specification |
| 12 | Excessive Multi-Inheritance | Warning | Class with >3 direct superclasses | Rector et al. (2004) |
| 13 | Missing Comment | Info | Class without rdfs:comment | Linked Data best practice |
| 14 | Ambiguous Namespace | Warning | Same local name in different namespaces | Unique naming practice |
| 15 | Potential Symmetric | Info | Property used bidirectionally but not declared symmetric | OWL modeling practice |
| 16 | Deprecated Entity Used | Warning | owl:deprecated entity still referenced | OWL 2 deprecation |
| 17 | Redundant SubClassOf | Info | SubClassOf already implied by chain (A<B<C + A<C) | Poveda-Villalón (2014), P24 |
References¶
- Poveda-Villalón, M., Suárez-Figueroa, M.C., Gómez-Pérez, A. (2014). Validating Ontologies with OOPS! Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management, EKAW 2012.
- Rector, A.L., Drummond, N., Horridge, M. et al. (2004). OWL Pizzas: Practical Experience of Teaching OWL-DL. EKAW 2004.
- Gangemi, A., Catenacci, C., Ciaramita, M., Lehmann, J. (2006). Modelling Ontology Evaluation and Validation. ESWC 2006.